德国专利侵权损害赔偿额的计算方法及启示

Research on Patent Infringement Damages Calculation in Germany

德国专利法规定了实际损失、侵权人所获利益以及类推的合理许可费三种计算专利侵权损害赔偿额的方法。实际损失计算方法最为直接,能够直接确定专利侵权损害赔偿数额,但在操作上较为困难,很少在实践中使用。侵权人所获利益计算方法并非是为了直接补偿实际发生的损失,而是寻求一种公平的解决方法,德国法院会先确定侵权人的销售收入、应扣除的成本,以及因专利侵权所获收益占总收益的比重,后计算得出侵权人所获利益。合理许可费的计量方法是德国司法实践中运用频率最高的方法,德国法院在确定许可费的计量基础以及许可费率之后,即可计算出合理许可费。德国对这三种方法的具体适用对我国有积极的借鉴意义,我国应减少法定赔偿计算方法的使用,并应以上述三种方法为核心,科学、准确地确定专利侵权损害赔偿额。

According to the German patent law,the patentees can determine their damages in three ways：（1） the actual damages they suffered,（2） the profits the infringer made by infringing the patent,or（3） a fictitious reasonable royalty. The method of actual loss calculation is the most directway in determining the patent infringement damage,but it is difficult to calculate and rarely used in practice. The method of profits calculation doesn＇t aim to direct compensation for actual losses,but rather to seek a fair solution. The German court will first determine the infringer ＇s sales revenue,costs that should be deducted,and proportion. Later the German court could calculate the profits which the infringer has gained. The method of reasonable royalty calculation is the approach most often used to determine patent damages in Germany. After determining the basis of license fees and license rates,the court can calculate a reasonable license royalty. China can learn from the methods of German patent infringement damages calculation. But China should reduce the use of statutory compensation calculation method,and should scientifically and accurately determine the amount of damages for patent infringement in using these three methods.