水分胁迫条件下低温对小麦幼苗生长发育的影响

Effects of Low Temperature on Growth and Development of Wheat Seedling Under Drought

以半冬性小麦品种西农2000和冬性品种兰天26号为材料,利用智能型人工气候箱研究了4个温度梯度和3个水分梯度对不同生态型品种小麦幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,1水分胁迫条件下,低温显著延长幼穗分化进程(P<0.05),温度每升高1℃,幼穗分化时间平均缩短4.89 d;MW处理较CK幼穗分化时间平均缩短5.5 d,LW处理平均缩短4.0 d;2低温显著影响小麦干物质的积累,温度每升高1℃,干物质量平均增加0.61 g/株,且以LW处理干物质积累量最大。3温度和水分对小麦株高、单株叶面积、单株次生根数目及长度影响显著(P<0.05),T4处理具有明显的生长优势,但处理间差异因品种、叶龄而异;4各因素对小麦幼苗生长发育的影响依次为温度>水分>品种,且每个因素对小麦幼苗生长发育的影响均大于交互作用;交互作用中,水分和温度的交互作用影响效应最为突出,且以对单株叶面积影响最大,株高最小。综合考虑,在本试验条件下,轻度水分胁迫LW+T4处理组合为最优方案。

An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of variations of soil moisture, temper- ature on growth and development of wheat seedlings in an intelligent program artificial climate chamber. There were twenty-four treatments by setting three soil moisture regimes （75%-85%, 65%-75% and 55%-65% relative soil moisture）, four temperatures （10 ℃, 11 ℃, 12 ℃, 13 ℃） and varieties with winter （lantian26） and half winter hardness （xinong 2000）. Results showed that ① as the temperature decreased, the process of spike differentiation could be extended under soil moisture stress. The time of spike differentiation was to be average shortening for 4.67 days when the temperature increased by 1 ℃. Compared to CK, the time of spike differentiation with MW treatment was shortened for 5.5 days while the time of that with LW treatment was shortened for 4 days. ② There was also significant difference in dry matter accumulation of wheat seedlings among diffent temperatures. Dry matter averagely increased by 0.61g per plant, as the temperature increased by 1 ℃, and LW treatment could ob- tain the largest dry matter accumulation among three soil moisture treatments. ③Temperature and soil moisture had significant effects on leaf area per plant, length and number of secondary roots, and T4 treatment had the best advantage index, but the difference of treatments changed with the leaf age and ecotype varieties of wheat. ④ The effects of various factors on the growth and development of wheat seedling were temperature 〉 soil moisture 〉 variety, and the effect of the single factor was greater than that of the interaction. Among interactions, the effect of interaction of soil moisture and temperature on the seedling growth and development was the largest, and leaf area per plant was affected most, while plant height was the least among all indexes. Comprehensive, the combination of the treatment LW and T4 was optimal scheme under this experiment conditions.