先秦诸子与唯物辩证法:中国现代自由的一个面相——以任继愈所编著中国哲学史著作为中心

Pre-Qin Thinkers and Materialistic Dialectics:A Perspective of Chinese Modern Freedom,Focusing on the History of Chinese Philosophy Edited by Ren Jiyu

我们应该重视体现在中国哲学史研究中的先秦诸子与认识自由之间关系的思想。任继愈主编的《中国哲学发展史》便是一个范本。该书以马克思主义认识论(主要是唯物辩证法)为原则来解读先秦诸子,判断他们是违背了马克思主义认识论的原则,还是为这个原则贡献了若干的环节,或者比较接近这些原则,只是在某些地方需要修补。《中国哲学发展史》认为,老子和易传的辩证法、墨子的思想是比较接近于马克思主义的认识论辩证法的,但也有其不足;而庄子、名家贡献了马克思主义认识论原则的若干环节:这个观点与流俗的看法不同。可以看出《中国哲学发展史》的写作受到了毛泽东辩证法思想的深刻影响。同时需要注意的是,中国传统和马克思主义认识论相互对勘时会有意想不到的成果产生,默会知识就是一个发展契机。

We should attach importance to the thought of the relationship between pre-Qin philosophers and the understanding of freedom in the study of the history of Chinese philosophy.The History of the Development of Chinese Philosophy edited by Ren Jiyu is a model.In this book,freedom means people achieving their purposes in the objective world through practice,and it is the unity of purpose and compliance with regularity.This book interprets pre-Qin thinkers with Marxist epistemology(mainly materialistic dialectics)to determine whether they violate the principles of Marxist epistemology,or contribute some moments to the principles,or are closer to these principles so that some modifications would suffice.It holds that the dialects of Laozi and Yi Zhuan and Mozi's thought are relatively close to the Marxian epistemological dialectics,but they also have their shortcomings.Zhuangzi and the school of logicians(Mingjia)contribute several moments to the Marxian epistemology principles.We can see that the writings of the development history have been deeply influenced by Mao Zedong's dialectical thoughts.