伦理规范的话语形式及其“规范性”问题

The Forms of Pragmatics for Ethical Norms and Their Normativity

伦理规范可以在社会事实和话语形式两个层面来理解和说明。通常认为事实、事态、事件以及关于它们的描述性命题不具有规范性作用,伦理规范话语形式的规范性力量来自规范语句所表达的规范性命题,规范语句、命题的规范性用法和作用,以规则体系的制度性地位以及规范性话语约定俗成的意义或"普遍化了的"含义为基础。这提供了关于伦理规范话语形式与道德行动之间关联性的一种说明,解释了伦理规范的"规范性"特征,回答了"规范性"问题。但在现代世界中,这还不能回答伦理规范的合理性、证成性问题。

Ethical norms can be comprehended and accounted at two levels,i.e.,the level of social facts and the level of ethical discourse.It is believed that facts,states of affairs,events,as well as the descriptive propositions about such things,cannot have normative force.The normative force,attached to the language forms of ethical norms,stems from the normative propositions expressed by norm-sentences or speech acts.The normative usage and force of norm-sentences and normative propositions are based on some kind of constitutional status of rule system in certain society and their conventional meaning or'generalized conventional implicature'of moral discourse.In terms of these theories and explanations,perhaps we can account for the connection between the pragmatics forms of ethical norms and moral actions,for the'normativity'characteristics of ethical norms,and further answer the'normative question'.In this way,however,we cannot get the reasonable foundation and justification for ethical norms in modern world yet.