哈密第十三师农田土壤养分变化分析与肥力评价

Variation of Soil Nutrients and Fertility Evaluation of Hami 13th Division's Farmland

【目的】调查哈密第十三师耕层土壤养分状况,分析耕层土壤养分现状,空间的分布特征及其演变趋势,开展地力评价,为高标准农田建设和合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】对2012~2015年哈密第十三师耕层土壤养分进行采样和分析,并与1984年全国第二次土壤普查及2007年土壤养分历史资料进行对比,运用统计学方法分析第十三师耕层土壤养分现状和演变趋势。运用层次分析法分析计算各评价因素组合权重,用特尔斐法开展地力评价,通过不同土壤养分之间的相关性和变异性分析,明确哈密第十三师土壤养分的分布特征。【结果】哈密第十三师耕层土壤有机质平均值为14.5 g/kg,属四级水平;碱解氮含量平均值为87 mg/kg,属四级水平;有效磷含量平均值为15.39 mg/kg,属于三级水平;速效钾含量平均值为197 mg/kg,属于二级水平;从1984~2015年,耕地土壤有机质和有效磷含量呈下降趋势。土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量是升高趋势。土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量有升高的趋势。【结论】研究区土壤肥力整体状况较好,农田土壤有机质、碱解氮含量普遍中等偏低。速效磷含量中等偏上。速效钾含量较为丰富。

【Objective】Through the study on soil nutrient status of Hami thirteenth division,the present situation of soil nutrients and the spatial distribution characteristics and evolution trend are analyzed. The evaluation of soil fertility to be carried out might provide theoretical basis for reasonable fertilization and high standard farmland construction. 【Method】In Hami thirteenth division between 2012 and 2015,the top layer soil nutrient went through sampling and analysis and the results were compared with the historical data of nutrients obtained by the second national soil survey in 1984 and 2007. Statistical methods were employed to analyze the current status and evolution trend of soil nutrients of the thirtennth division arable layer soil,analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weight of each evaluation factor; Delphi method was applied to carry out the evaluation of soil fertility. Based on the correlation and variability of soil nutrients,the distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in the thirteenth divisions of Hami were determined. 【Result】At present,Hami thirteenth division arable layer soil organic matter averaged 14. 5 g/kg,belonging to the level of four; The average content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen was 87 mg/kg,belonging to the fourth level; The average effective phosphorus content was 15. 39 mg/kg,belonging to the level of three; The average content of available potassium was 197 mg/kg,belonging to the level of two; From 1984 to 2015,the content of soil organic matter and available phosphorus showed a downward trend and the content of soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus displayed increasing tendency and the content of soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus had a tendency to rise.【Conclusion】The soil fertility in the study area is in quite good condition. The contents of soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogenin in soil are generally of medium level or slightly lower level. Available potassium content is abundant.