明代以降关中—天水地区城市湖池的形成、功能与演变

Formation,Function and Evolution of Urban Lakes and Ponds in Guanzhong-Tianshui Region After Ming Dynasty

明代以降关中—天水地区至少有24个城市拥有湖泊、池沼,文章全面考察了这些城市湖池的形成、功能与演变。按湖池形成的水源类型来看,明代以降关中-天水地区的城市湖池可以分为四类:渠水类、泉水类、雨水类和洪水类。尽管这些城市湖池的形成原因各不相同,但在形成之后,均超出预期,发挥出多种有利于城市建设发展的实际功能。现在这些城市湖池大多数已经湮塞,仅凤翔东湖、西安莲花池等少数湖池因得到持续的管理浚治而保存至今,而之所以得到持续的管理浚治,与其具有丰厚的历史文化内涵有着密切关系。

At least 24 cities had lakes and ponds in Guanzhong-Tianshui Region after Ming Dynasty. Based on the relevant historical documents, formation, function and evolution of these urban lakes and ponds are investigated and analyzed in this paper. In terms of the water source of formation, all of them could be classified into four categories： ＂transporting aqueduct water to construct ponds＂, ＂dredging spring water to construct ponds＂, ＂collecting rainwater to construct ponds＂, and ＂flood ponds＂. These lakes and ponds were formed for the diversified reasons originally, and gained the multiple functions beneficial for the city after the formation. Nowadays them and ponds have vanished, except for Fengxiang East Lake and Xi＇an Lotus Pond, whose existence mainly depended on the continuous managing and dredging. The reason for the continuous managing and dredging was that these urban lakes and ponds had the abundant historical culture connotation.