生成认知:具身进路与佛学认知观的交融

Enactive Cognitive Science:Blending of Embodied Approaches and Cognitive Theory of Buddhism

认知科学家F·瓦雷拉等人提出认知的"生成"概念,主张身体和环境共同构成人的认知系统,认知来源于"活生生"的人类经验,因而对人类认知的考察应当将科学反思和观照经验相结合,借鉴佛教静心、正念的方法。佛学认知观视身体为"心"、"色"的蕴积,认为心智能动作用的发挥必须以身体为基础,蕴积身体观与具身性观念对身体在认知中的作用具有相同的诉求。进而,生成认知对认知的根基进行反思,批判了认知科学中客观主义和主观主义的立场,论证了佛学中道认识论的合理性,以"动态耦合"诠释"和合缘起",从身体观、方法论、认识论等方面体现了具身进路与佛学认知观的交融。

Enactive Cognitive scientists such as F. Varela put forward ＂enactive＂ idea to assert that human cognitive system is constituted by body and environment together. Due to stemming from the lived human experience, human cognition must be inspected by scientific reflection and experience-viewing, where meditation and mindfulness play the important role. Similarly, cognitive Theory of Buddhism views the body as aggregating of ＂mind＂ and ＂forms＂, and the active role of mind must be based on and presented through the body. What＇s more, enactive cognition interprets ＂codependent arising＂ by ＂dynamic-coupling＂, and demonstrates the rationality of Buddhist middle way of epistemology through questioning the cognitive foundations and criticizing the objectivism or subjective position in cognitive science. Enactive cognition is a blend of embodied approaches and cognitive theory of Buddhism on the aspects of epistemology, methodology, and body conception.