国有经济的“充分就业陷阱”

“Full Employment Trap” of State Owned Economy

中国社会各界普遍关注的是数量型充分就业而非质量型充分就业,将发展国有经济视为实现充分就业的重要实现路径。但国有经济是高度集权性计划经济的典型特征,其低效率过度就业模式与低效率就业路径相结合,必定会形成两者之间的低水平劣质均衡,从而形成经济发展和劳动就业劣质低效的"就业陷阱"。这一重要结论既具有时间维度和纵向比较的可检验性,也具有空间维度和横向比较的可实证性。如果政府就业偏好长期取代个人就业偏好,劣质低效的劳动就业必定会导致国民大众"用脚投票"。中国经济市场化转型的真正障碍,就是国家所有基础上的国有企业垄断和官商一体化,因此迫切需要重建明晰排他的产权基础,并在此基础上实现民营化主导的公平竞争,"国退民进"自然就会成为制度创新驱动的首要选择,只有制度现代化和就业现代化才能有效引领中国未来的经济现代化进程。

The full employment focused by China's societies is under the context of quantity,not quality,and sees the development of state owned economy as the path to achieving full employment.State owned economy is the market feature of highly centralized planned economy,and the combination of low-efficiency,excessive employment and low-efficiency employment path will lead to equilibrium of low level and low quality,thus‘institution trap'of economic development and labor force employment. This major conclusion is of great testability in terms of time dimension and longitudinal comparison,and has solid evidence in terms of space dimension and horizontal comparison. If government employment preference replaces individual employment preference,low quality and poor efficiency employment will cause 'foot voting'. The actual obstacle in China's transformation to market economy is the unification of government officials and merchants and monopoly by state owned enterprises on the basis of state owned economy,and it is urgent to rebuild exclusive basis for property rights,and realize fair competition dominated by privately owned economy.'Country retreating and people advancing' will inevitably become the first choice for institution transformation motivation,and only institution modernization and employment modernization can effectively lead China's modernization process.