论宪法权威的道德实在主义元伦理学基础

On the Moral Realism Foundation of Constitution's Moral Authority in Meta-ethics

限制国家权力和保证公民权利是现代宪法的内在功能,而为了很好地履行这一功能,在形式上就要求宪法的重要原则在一定程度上摆脱经常变换的现实政治力量的影响,不能像普通法律和政策那样可以被常规的法律程序所改变。当代宪法甚至可以规定其设立的某些原则为不可变更的。因而不仅仅是制宪者同代人要受制于宪法,后代也要受到宪法原则的约束。为了证成宪法的这种至高的道德权威,就只有诉诸于道德实在主义的元伦理学理论,而一切非道德实在主义的元伦理学理论都不能作为宪法道德权威的基础。

Constraining state's power and protecting citizen's right are intrinsic function of modern constitution. For fulfilling this function appropriately,formally,important constitutional principles,to some extent,are supposed to not be subjected to the vagaries of factual political forces and be changed or amended by common legal procedures as normal legal rules and policies do. Even more,modern constitution may stipulate some of its principles are unchangeable. Therefore,not only the public opinions of the framer's contemporaries should be restricted by constitution,future generations would also be bounded by constitutional principles. The only way may justify such a supreme moral authority of constitution is to invoke the moral realism theory in meta-ethics. All non moral realism theory in meta-ethics can not be serviced as a foundation of moral authority of constitution.