鱼道与一般泄水建筑物水力设计差异探讨

Study on Design Difference of Fishway and General Outlet Structure

分析了鱼道与水闸等泄水建筑物水力设计方法差异,并论证了隔板竖缝式鱼道流量计算公式的合理性,分析了隔板竖缝式、丹尼尔式鱼道的水力特性,认为各种形式的鱼道设计均从能量方程的不同角度出发,采取不同措施,改变其边界参数,达到适应鱼类特性、节约工程量为目的,如竖缝式、丹尼尔式鱼道通过平面设置隔板的形式,溢流堰式和潜孔式则通过竖向抬升水面,形成堰流的方法,均在很短的距离内增大局部水头损失,而仿自然通道一般糙率较大,沿程损失较大,辅以局部束窄的措施,达到经济、适用的目的。

The hydraulic design difference between fishway and outlet structure such as gate is analyzed as well as rationality of the calcula- tion formula for discharge from the diaphragm vertical slot fishway is demonstrated. The hydraulic characteristics of the diaphragm verti~：al slot fishay and the Denil fishway are studied. It concludes that design of various fishways are performed from difl＇ereut views of energy equation. Different facilities are taken to change its boundary parameters for satisfying fish habits and minimizing work quantity. The vertical slot and Denil fishways, for example, create the weir flow by provision of the plane diaphragm, accordingly increasing local head loss in a very short distance. Similarly, the overflow weir fishway and submerged outlet fishway operate the same but by raising water surface. But the simulated natural channel is with higher roughness and the linear loss is higher, too. With provision of the local narrowing facilities, the economic and applicable pro-poses are realized.