英国和法国贵族阶层的流变对中央集权的影响

The Evolvement of the Aristocracy of the British and French Effects on Centralized

贵族阶层是前现代时期欧洲各国普遍存在的社会群体,由于其特殊的社会政治地位而对中央集权产生重要影响。其中英法两国的贵族阶层具有典型性,英国贵族由于具有较强的适应性和流动性而有力地促进了资本主义的发展,进而限制了君主专制和中央集权。而法国贵族由于资本主义发展的不足而成为君主的附庸,君民两极化的社会结构导致的中间阶层的缺失成为法国大革命具有强烈的激进色彩的原因。

Aristocracy is a widespread social group in Europe before modern period, and it has important influence on its centralization due to its special social and political status. Britain and France＇ aristocratic classes are typical among them： British aristocracy, with its strong liquidity and adaptability, promotes the development of the capitalism, and limit the absolute monarchy and centralization; while French aristocracy, with its shortage of the development of capitalism, becomes subservient to the monarch. It is the lack of middle class caused by the polar social structure of monarch and people that endows the French revolution with strong radical color.