不同覆膜方式对春玉米土壤温度和水分效应影响

Effects of soil temperature and moistrue changes by different plastic mulching modes on maize

为探求不同覆膜方式对春玉米田土壤温度、水分及玉米产量等的影响,以期为玉米节水高产栽培提供理论依据和技术支持。该研究对2种不同覆膜方式下玉米干物质积累量、关键生育时期0~30 cm耕层土壤温度、0~100 cm土层水分、产量等指标进行监测。2015年、2016年的试验结果表明,宽覆膜、行上覆膜分别比对照增产29.3%和15.5%;不同覆膜方式的保水效果表现为KM>SM>CK,0~100 cm土层KM-N和SM-N处理土壤含水量分别较CK处理平均提高52.2%和41.0%;全生育期0~30 cm土层温度KM-N较KM-W处理平均高3.5℃,SM-N较SM-W处理平均高3.3℃。研究认为,宽覆膜能更好地调控土壤的水温效应,显著提高耕层土壤温度,有效地减少水分的耗散,保蓄更多水分供后期使用,可提高玉米穗粒数和百粒重,显著提高产量。

To study the effects of different plastic mulching modes on the changes of soil moisture, temperature and yield, and provide theoretical basis and technical support for water saving and high yield of maize,0-30 cm soil temperature change and 0-100 cm soil moisture change during vital growth stage and yield under two different plastic mulching modes were carried out in 2015 and 2016.The results showed that the yield of maize by KM,SM respectively increased by 29.3% and 15.5% compared with non-film cover maize ;the water saving effect of different plastic mulching modes was KM〉SM〉CK; the soil water content of KM-N and SM-N increase by 52.2% and 41.0% than CK in 0-100 cm layers;the average temperature of 0-30 cm soil layer KM-N was 3.5℃ higher than that of KM-W treatment and SM-N was 3.3℃ higher than that of SM-W. Research suggested that KM can regulate the soil temperature and the moisture, significantly improving the soil temperature and holding more water at early stage to apply to the late growth stage ,so increased the grain number per spike, 100-grain weight and maize yield.