两种野生郁金香在沈阳地区的引种驯化

Introduction and Domestication of Two Wild Tulip Species in Shenyang

以阿尔泰郁金香和天山郁金香鳞茎为试材,采用异地人工驯化栽培的方法,研究了不同栽培条件和基质对2种野生郁金香主要观赏性状的影响,以期为我国野生郁金香的开发和利用提供理论指导。结果表明:2种野生郁金香可以在沈阳地区成功驯化,除株高明显降低外,其它观赏性状基本保持了原有的生物学特性。在沈阳地区露地栽培时萌芽期、展叶期、现蕾期、变色期较原生地晚14d左右,结实期和果熟期均与原生地接近;在沈阳地区温室栽培过程中,2种郁金香的萌芽期、展叶期早于露地28d左右,始花期、盛花期和结实期较露地提前14d,果熟期较露地提前10d;使用腐殖土为栽培基质时,2种郁金香的植株高度最高,分别为15.03cm和19.47cm。

Bulbs of Tulipa altaica and Tulipa thianschanica were used as materials for artificial cultivation. The effect of different cultivation conditions and substrates on the main ornamental characteristics were studied,which could apply the reference for development and utilization of Chinese wild tulip resources. The results showed that two tulip species were domesticated successfully in Shenyang,for the two tulips,the botanical characteristics were stable except declining plant height; bud germinating stage,leaf extension stage, budding stage and color stage cultivated outdoor in Shenyang were 14 days later than in Xinjiang,while the fruit stage and seed ripe period were similar;bud germinating stage and leaf extension stage in greenhouse were 28 days earlier than outdoor, full-bloom stage and fruit stage in greenhouse were 14 days earlier than outdoor and seed ripe period in greenhouse were 10 days earlier than outdoor;the best culture suhstrate was humous soil and the plant height of T. altaica and T. thianschanica were 15. 03 cm and 19. 47 cm,respectively.