不同施肥对土壤微生物量和酶活性的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization on the Number of Soil Microbiologic and Soil Enzyme Activities

通过无植物盆培养试验,研究施用化肥、有机肥、生物有机肥、化肥与有机肥混合施用、化肥与生物有机肥混合施用、对照处理对土壤中微生物数量和酶活性的影响。结果表明:施用生物有机肥土壤中细菌数量比施用化肥和有机肥处理分别高出15.5%~43.1%和3.5%~6.4%;放线菌数量分别高出58.2%~94.4%和9.8%~24.8%;真菌数量分别降低22.8%~59.5%和8.9%~19.3%。土壤中脲酶活性最高的是生物有机肥和化肥混合施用处理;生物有机肥处理土壤中碱性磷酸酶活性最高,高出有机肥处理1.6%~37.4%,高出化肥处理3.2%~38.9%;生物有机肥处理土壤中蔗糖酶活性最高,比有机肥高出50.9%~292.4%,比化肥高出67.6%~456.3%;各处理对过氧化氢酶的活性影响较小。施用生物有机肥可以更好地改善土壤微生物区系,增加土壤酶活性,有利于土壤肥力的提高。

The effect of using chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer,biological organic fertilizer,organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer,chemical fertilizer combined with biological organic fertilizer and no fertilizer treatment on the number of soil microbiologic and soil enzyme activities were investigated through an outdoor pots experiment.The results showed that using the biological organic fertilizer,the number of soil bacteria were15.5%-43.1% and 3.5%-6.4% higher than chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer treatments and the number of actinomycetes were 58.2%-94.4% and 9.8%-24.8% higher than chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer treatments.But the numbers of fungus are 22.8%-59.5%and 8.9%-19.3%than chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer treatments.Biological organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer treatment had the highest urease activities.Biological organic fertilizer treatment had the highest number of phosphatase activities,1.6%-37.4% higher than organic fertilizer treatment and 3.2%-38.9% higher than chemical fertilizer treatment.Biological organic fertilizer treatment has the highest sucrose activities,50.9%-292.4% higher than organic fertilizer treatment and 67.6%-456.3% higher than chemical fertilizer treatment.Each treatment has small effect on the catalase activities.Using biological organic fertilizer can improve the soil microflora,raise the enzymatic activity and increase the soil fertility.