新疆蔷薇科扁桃类植物自交不亲和性的分子机制

Molecular Mechanism Analysis of Genes Controlling Self-incompatibility in Xinjiang Rosaceae Amygdalus Plants

蔷薇科扁桃类植物是具有重要经济、研究价值的园艺果树类植物,该类果树植物家族均为自交不亲和性,自花授粉并不能正常结实,在其生长和生产过程中都需要进行异花授粉。扁桃类果树植物的自交不亲和属于配子型自交不亲和类型,是由花粉配子体核基因决定花粉与雄蕊的不亲和反应,即当花粉中的一个S等位基因与花柱中的一个等位基因相同时即表现不亲和。不亲和反应的细胞学特征是花粉管生长在花柱中受阻。该文对植物自交不亲和性方面的分子机制在蔷薇科扁桃类果树作物上的反映研究进展进行了综述,并着重阐述了新疆分布的独特的栽培扁桃和野生扁桃自交不亲和性S-位点基因的研究进展,以期为今后更深入的研究提供了重要的基础。

Rosaceae Amygdalus plants is the horticulture plants with economic and important research,which are self-incompatibility,self-pollination can not set in the process of growth,belonging to the gametophytic selfincompatibility（GSI）,the mechanism is in the process of fertilization and their genetic exclusion pistil like their pollen and accept alien pollen.The pistil and pollen recognition interaction is controlled by a highly polymorphic alleles loci namely S-loci.It has been found that Amygdalus plants S-locus encoding S-RNase,S-RNase plays a specific role in S-locus cell toxin physiology.When the pollen and pistil contains the same S-locus style S-RNase,free access to the pollen tube,rRNA self pollen pollen degradation in pistil elongation was inhibited,the apparent traits showed from incompatibility.In this paper,we reviewed the research progress in Rosaceae Amygdalus plants self-incompatibility molecular mechanism,and focuses on the distribution of Xinjiang′s unique Amygdalus cultivars plants and wild species research progress of S-gene,provides an important basis for further research.