“村小去留”:乡村教育之困与政策选择

Difficulties of Rural Education and Policy Choices

考察乡村小学百年兴衰起伏之历程,不难发现,乡村教育政策是促动乡村小学发展变迁的关键力量。当前,"村小去留"之争源自"撤点并校"政策的施行及其政策后果,"去"、"留"立场的政策主体各持理据的根源是教育公平与教育效率的价值交锋。为此,乡村小学政策的变革,应循"促成政策张力"、"转变政策立场"和"形成政策体系"的基本理路,在布局政策之维,以乡镇为单位进行乡村小学布局;在体制政策之维,变乡村教育为乡镇教育;在安全政策之维,推进农村标准化寄宿学校建设,构建可靠的校车服务体系;在师资政策之维,按需培养责任型乡村教师。

It is not difficult to find that the rural education policy is the key force to promote the development of rural primary schools. At present, the consequence of ＂whether to merge schools in rural areas＂ policy is that education resources is not sufficient in small villages. The position of the policy subject is the source of educational equity and efficiency. Therefore, the rural primary school policy changes should follow the rules of ＂to present policy function＂, ＂to change the policy stand＂ and ＂to form policy system＂. In the layout policy of rural primary school,the layout of the township as a unit in the system should be selected; in the policy dimension, the change of rural education for township education is necessary; in the security policy, promoting the construction of rural hoarding school standardization and building reliable bus service systemis crucial; in the dimension of teacher policy, the rural teachers training should be based on the needs.