河南省玉米真菌毒素污染调查

Investigation on mycotoxin contamination in corn in Henan

目的为了解2013年河南省产玉米质量和真菌毒素的状况,探究天气环境对玉米真菌毒素污染的影响。方法以2013年河南大田产玉米为研究对象,采用免疫亲和净化-高效液相色谱法重点检测了玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(呕吐毒素,DON)等3种真菌毒素,共检测玉米样本197份,抽查样品覆盖了全省18个省辖市的73个县、市、区。根据检测结果并结合当年玉米种植和收获季节天气环境变化等情况进行相关性研究和分析。结果 DON、ZEN等2种真菌毒素含量均未超标,符合国家规定的限量标准,但黄曲霉毒素B1超标严重,平均超标率达48.7%。结论干旱和高温胁迫天气变化、秸秆还田和高密度种植引起的微环境变化是导致玉米黄曲霉毒素污染最主要的环境因素。

Objective To understand the corn quality and the mycotoxins contamination in Henan province in 2013, so as to explore the influence of weather on the mycotoxin contamination. Methods In 2013, corn from Henan were selected as the re- search object for the detection of aflatoxin B1 （AFB1 ）, zearalenone （ZEN）, deoxynivalenol （ vomitoxin, DON） in 197 kinds of corn samples, covering 73 cities/counties in 18 provincial cities by immunoaffinity purification -high performance liquid chro- matography （HPLC）. Studies and analysis were conducted according to the test results, the corn planting and the weather chan- ges in harvest season. Results＂ The contents of two kinds of mycotoxins did not exceed the standard level. But the AFB excee- ded the national standard seriously. The average over - standard rate was over 48.7%. Conclusion It was found that micro - environmental changes caused by drought and high temperature stress, straw returning and high density planting were the main environmental factors that led to aflatoxin contamination in corn.