德国法上保险人的咨询义务——兼论我国保险人说明义务的完善

Duty Concerning the Consultation of the Insurer under German Law and Its Enlightenment on Chinese Law

投保人对自己的投保需求及所选择的保险产品充分了解,是获得保险保护的前提条件。2008年德国保险法改革引入的保险人咨询义务,旨在弥补投保人在选择保险产品以及保护范围时信息之不足,为订立适于满足其需要的保险合同创造基础,是对保险人就格式条款说明义务的有益补充。保险人违反咨询义务将产生损害赔偿责任,尤其是缔约过失责任。在我国现行法框架下对于投保人因欠缺咨询而产生的保护漏洞亦可借助缔约过失责任予以救济,但立法上仍应引入咨询义务作为保险人说明义务的补充,构建完善的保险人信息提供机制,强化保险消费者保护。

The thorough understanding of the need of insurance and the insurance product of the applicant is the precondition of protection by the insurance. The aims of introduction of the duty concerning the consultation under the reformation of German insurance law in 2008 are to remedy the insufficiency of the information during the choosing of insurance product and of the information of scope of protection, to provide the precondition for the conclusion of the necessary insurance contract, and to supplement the shortage of duty of explanation of standard insurance terms of the insurer. The breach of the duty concerning the consultation will lead to the liability for the compensation of damages, particularly the liability for culpa in contrahendo. The duty concerning the consultation and the relevant liability for culpa in contrahendo can play an important role for the solving of shortage of the duty of explanation of the insurer of Chinese law.