随机选择与分配正义

Random Selection and Distributive Justice

在分配正义的领域当中,如果可分配的善是不足且不可分割的,候选人对此提出的要求强度又是相同的,那么,无论怎么分配这种善,都会导致某种程度的不公平。应该采取随机选择程序来解决这种不确定性分配难题,理由是:一方面,随机选择的分配方案平等对待了每一个人的要求,不会遭到任何候选人的理性拒绝,因而是公平的;另一方面,它对进行分配的各种理由起到了一种净化作用,过滤掉了不应该影响选择的坏理由,从而保障最低程度的分配正义,是最优的。

In the field of justice,if the distributable good is insufficient and inseparable,and the candidates' claims have the same intensity,then,no matter how to distribute these good,there will have a certain degree of unfair.We should solve this uncertain problem of distribution through a procedure of random selection,and there are two reasons for this solution.On the one hand,the distribute scheme of random selection is fair,because it treats each individual' s request equally,and it will not be rejected by any rational candidate;On the other hand,it is optimal,because it plays a purifying role in the distributing process,filtering out the bad reason that should not affect the selection,so as to ensure the lowest degree of distributive justice.