全球化时代的中国民法典:属地主义之超越

The New Chinese Civil Code in a Global World: Beyond the Territoriality Principle

民商事立法中的地域适用范围条款关涉民法与国际私法的关系。国际私法这门学科本身就是要解决私法的地域适用范围。刚刚颁布的《民法总则》第12条仍然延续了30年前《民法通则》第8条关于民法地域适用范围的规定,但该规定是绝对属地主义原则的反映,它起源于封建社会,已经被19世纪以来现代国际私法理论所抛弃。我国多数法律之所以采纳该原则,一方面是对近代西方列强在华治外法权的深恶痛绝,另一方面是受前苏联法律的影响。事实上,现代国际私法的基本理论预设是各国在一定条件下相互适用其他国家的民商法,因此,绝大多数国家的民法典都不再规定地域适用范围。在国际政治法治化、国际经济全球化、国际社会信息化、国际文化多元化的当下,以民法典为代表的国内民商法的适用不应囿于一国领域范围之内,各国法律之间的交互适用已经成为常态。中国要大力推进自由贸易区和"一带一路"建设,我国未来的民法典及其他民商事立法都应该摒弃绝对属地主义观念,运用国际私法思维,树立"中国立法、世界适用"的理念。

The Newly Enacted General Rules of the Civil Law of the People＇s Republic of China have retained the provision of the General Provisions of Civil Law Article 8 on the geographical application scope of the Civil Code. The provision adopted a doctrine of absolute principle of territoriality. This principle originated in the feudal society, it has been abandoned by the modern theory of private international law since the 19th century. The reason lies in two hands ： on one hand is the extraterritoriality of modern Western pow- ers in old China, on the other hand is the effect of the law of the former Soviet Union. The majority of mod- em Civil Codes in other countries has no longer made special provisions for the geographical scope, but let it be regulated by the private international law. Modern private international law has developed a lot of complex principles and rules about the applicable scope of Civil Code, this can＇t be included within the Territorial Principle. Absolute Territoriality Principle applies only in the field of public law. With the increasing globalization of the world today, the new Civil Code should abandon the territoriality principle and become a law made by China but for the world.