警察权“强”“弱”之辨:结构失衡与有效治理

The Debates on the “Strong”and “Weak”Police Power: Structural Imbalance and Effective Governance

我国警察权的实践呈现出强弱两极化的面相:一方面,警察强制措施的无序、警政模式革新中的权能混乱以及联合执法中的任务宽泛反映了我国警察权力自主性的过分彰显;另一方面,社会效果涵摄下的涉警信访与舆情归责又使得警察个体的决断权呈现弱化趋势。这种强弱两极化的悖论反映了我国警察权在控制主体、控制对象以及控制手段上的结构性失衡。警察权的强弱平衡应当回归真实的警务过程,形成不同维度的主体互动规范,并在此基础上摒弃科层主导型的法治路径,迈向结构平衡的警察法治网络。

The practice of police power in China shows a strong and weak polarization. On the one hand, the disordering of police compulsory measures, procedural evasion during the innovation of the police administration mode and the broad task of joint law enforcement reflect the excessive manifestation of autonomy of Chinese police power; on the other hand, under the subsumtion of social effects, police petition letter and public opinion accountability weaken the decision-making right of individual policemen. This paradox of strength-weakness polarization reflects the structural imbalance of the police power in the control subject, control object and control means. The strength-and-weakness balance of the police power should go back to real policing process and form different dimensions of subject interaction norms, so as to gradually abandon the bureaucracy-oriented legal path and march toward a balanced structure of the network of Police Law.