输卵管在卵巢癌中的遗传学作用的研究进展

Advances in the Studies of Genetic Roles of Fallopian Tubes in the Development of Ovarian Cancer

卵巢癌在三种妇科恶性肿瘤中恶性度最高,是妇科恶性肿瘤患者死亡的主要病因。高级别浆液性卵巢癌(HGSC)是最常见、恶性度最高的上皮性卵巢癌,在发现时一般已为晚期。HGSC可能与BRCA1以及BRCA2基因的突变有直接关系。长久以来,我们一直认为HGSC起源于卵巢上皮细胞,但是,最近越来越多的证据表明,无论是在高风险的妇女中,还是在一般人群中,绝大多数卵巢癌均起源于输卵管上皮细胞。浆液性上皮内癌(STIC)可能最终发展成卵巢癌或腹膜癌。目前,预防性保留卵巢的输卵管切除术越来越被人们所接受,成为高风险妇女在绝经前降低患卵巢癌风险的做法。

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death in women＇s gynecologic malignancy. The most common and lethal histological subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer is high- grade serous carcinoma （ HGSC）, and it generally presents at advanced stage upon diagnosis and it may be associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Historically, HGSC was thought to be originated from the ovarian epithelial cells. However, more recently, there is growing evidence to support that the vast majority of ovarian cancers originated in the fallopian tube epithelium in both high-risk women and the general population. Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas （STIC） may ultimately evolve into ovarian or peritoneal cancer. As a result, prophylactic salpingectomy with conservation of the ovaries has become an increasingly more common practice for premenopausal women undergoing risk-reducing surgery.