尼采教育思想的师生观探微

A Probe into the Teacher-Student Relationship in Nietzsche's Philosophy

尼采的哲学思想充满批判的精神和生命关怀的气息,对于人的个体价值的肯定、改造人性的孱弱以及丰富人自身内在具有不可否认的意义。改变现代工业社会对人的异化,培养人的批判与创造精神是尼采教育观的主要内容。他认为教育应该培养人不断反思和超越自我的能力。同时在师生关系中,教师和学生追求的是彼此独立的关系,是一种彼此保持自我的状态,他反对传统的授受式的教育模式,追求在师生的互动中获得个体的真实感受,最终实现"成为你自己"。

Nietzsche＇s philosophical ideas are filled with critical spirit and care for life. They have undeniable significance on recognition of human individuals ＇ value, reformation on humanity＇ s weakness, and enrichment of human inherence. To modify alienation that modem industrial society has brought to human, the cultivation of people＇s critical and creative spirit is the major content of Nietzsche＇s concept of education. Nietzsche thought that education should cultivate people＇s ability to constantly introspect and transcend themselves. Meanwhile, in teacher- student relationship, teachers and students were supposed to be independent to each other, which means they both keep their ego. Nietzsche opposed traditional indoctrination mode, but pursued obtaining individuals＇ true feelings in teacher- student interaction, and eventually, being yourself.