中哈边境蝗区蝗虫孳生和发生地的重要生态学特征

Ecological characteristics of locust's breeding place and locality in China-Kazakhstan border

中哈边境蝗虫跨境迁飞为害常造成严重损失,明确蝗虫迁出和迁入区生态条件异同是提高监测预警水平的基础。本研究采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,比较了中国新疆塔城边境蝗区和哈萨克斯坦境内阿拉湖蝗区生态特征的异同。研究发现,塔城边境与阿拉湖蝗区地势平坦,平均海拔无明显差异;两蝗区主要植被和蝗虫群落结构相似;阿拉湖蝗区土壤的p H值、含盐量、有机质含量均显著低于塔城边境蝗区;除Ca^(2+)和CO_3^(2-)外,阿拉湖蝗区土壤中Cl^-、SO_4^(2-)、K^+、Na^+、Mg^(2+)、HCO_3^-含量均明显低于塔城边境蝗区;两蝗区20a(1980-1999年)年均气温和降水量无差异显著,而年、季节平均气温和降水量5 a滑动趋势差异显著。哈萨克斯坦境内阿拉湖蝗区的植被种类、较低的土壤p H值和含盐量及有机质、季节的温度和降水量均适合蝗虫产卵,是蝗虫的重要孳生地;我国境内塔城边境蝗区内大面积撂荒地增加了适宜蝗虫发生的环境。中哈边境蝗区生态条件的相似性和差异性表明蝗虫跨境为害仍将是塔城边境蝗灾发生的重要特点,研究结果对于指导中哈边境蝗区的监测和防控有重要作用。

Locust migratory at border areas between China and Kazakhstan often caused severe damage. This paper aims to clarify the similarities and differences of ecological characteristics between locusts＇ immigrant and emigrant areas for improving the prediction. Field data were collected in border areas including Alakol of Kazakhstan and Tacheng of Xinjiang, China. The results showed that both areas are flat and have no significant difference in altitude （P 〉 0.05 ）. Main vegetation types and locust species are similar. Soil pH values, salty content, the organic content in A!akol area are less than in Tacheng border area. Except for Ca^2＋ and CO3^2-, CI-, SO4^2-, K^＋, Na^＋, Mg^2＋ HCO3^-contents in Alakol area are less than in Tacheng. Annual average temperature and precipitation of both areas have no significant difference （P 〉0. 05） from 1980 to 1999, while annual and seasonal average temperature and precipitation in 5 a variation tendency are significantly different （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Vegetation type, soil physichemical properties and climate characteristics of Alakol area are suitable for locust egg-laying, hatching, developing and growing. Similarities and differences of ecological characteristics in China-Kazakhstan border indicated that damage of cross border migratory locusts would still be a significance characteristics to locust plague of Tacheng area, and the result would work to guide monitoring and warning in cross border of China-Kazakhstan.