水稻铁吸收、转运及调控的分子机制研究进展

Iron uptake,translocation and regulation in rice

铁是水稻生长和发育所必需的营养元素之一。研究表明,水稻既可以以螯合物的形式从土壤中吸收Fe^(3+)、Fe^(2+),又可以直接转运根际土壤中游离的Fe^(2+)。科研人员已经鉴定了很多参与铁离子吸收和转运的重要分子元件,包括转运蛋白、酶、螯合物等,同时也挖掘了部分调控这些分子元件表达的上游基因。碱性土壤的高pH值影响水稻对铁离子的吸收和利用,因此,科研人员通过改良碱性土壤中铁离子的利用效率来改良水稻的耐碱性,并取得了一定的成效。本文主要对上述内容进行了综述,并对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望。

Iron is essential for growth and development of rice, which is able to take up Fe^3＋-phytosiderophore, Fe^2＋-nicotianamine and free Fe^2＋. Researchers have uncovered key molecular components including transporters, enzymes, and chelators involved in iron uptake and translocation, as well as factors regulating the expression of these genes in rice. Manipulation of these molecular components has produced transgenic rice with enhanced tolerance to alkaline stress on calcareous soils with low-Fe availability due to high soil pH. In this review, we mainly summarize the molecular mechanisms of iron uptake, translocation, and regulation in rice, and discuss some perspectives of this field.