基于高通量测序技术研究玉北油田上方微生物多样性

Microbial diversity in Yubei Oil field determined by high-throughput sequencing

精确识别活性微生物标识物是目前微生物油气勘探的技术核心,为深入认识各典型油气藏上方油气微生物标识物,采用高通量测序技术研究玉北地区油气富集带上方的油气微生物物种丰度、分布、群落结构等特征.结果显示油气点上方样品较之背景非油气点具有更多的特有物种,其中油气点样品中含199种,背景非油气点样品中含77种.从中共鉴定出10种主要油气微生物,发现其中的3类优势物种(假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属和土壤杆菌属)是利用烃类兼性生长的微生物;同时通过解析统计学差异值较高的生物标记物时,发现两种统计学差异值大于5的微生物,分别为背景非油气点上的弧菌科Vibrionaceae维氏气单胞菌和油气点上的方肠杆菌科Erythrobacteraceae赤杆菌.本研究可为油气微生物勘探提供直接实验依据.

Identification of active microbial markers is the core of microbial prospecting for oil and gas. However, current studies lack an in-depth understanding of oil and gas microbial markers above the typical reservoirs. In order to further understand the microbial information above the oil and gas fields, the microbial diversity in the soil above the Yubei oil field was studied. In this study, high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to investigate the abundance of oil and gas microbial species and community structure in the Yubei area. The results showed that samples obtained above the oil and gas spots contained more endemic species than those from obtained from the background non-oil and gas spots; 199 different microbes were present in the oil and gas samples compared with 77 different microbes in the non-oil and gas samples. Ten major oil-gas microbes were identified, and three dominant species （Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Agrobacterium） are facultative microbial organisms. Furthermore, two potential families of microbial indicator bacteria （Vibrionaceae and Erythrobacteraceae） were identified. Based on the abnormal distribution of oil and gas microbes, an oil and gas enrichment zone and potential favorable drilling targets are inferred in the Yubei area. The results of oil and gas microbe in Yubei area with microbial distribution of the characteristics in this study laid the foundation, in order to further study indicator bacteria for underlying oil and gas.