氮素处理对不同种质菘蓝叶氨基酸、总黄酮与矿质元素的影响

Effect of nitrogen treatment on amino acids,total flavonoids,and mineral elements of Isatis indigotica from different germplasms

菘蓝Isatis indigotica为十字花科的药用植物,其叶入药为大青叶,为了解菘蓝的氮营养生理,以5份种质菘蓝(S1-S5)为材料,采用田间小区试验,设置7个处理,不施氮(CK)、硝态氮(NO3^--N,T1)、铵态氮(NH_4^+-N,T2)、NH_4^+-N/NO3^--N=75/25(T3)、NH_4^+-N/NO3^--N=50/50(T4)、NH_4^+-N/NO3^--N=25/75(T5)和酰胺态氮(100%CO(NH_2)_2-N,T6),研究不同氮素处理对不同种质菘蓝叶的氨基酸、总黄酮和矿质元素含量的影响.结果显示,不同种质菘蓝叶的游离氨基酸、总黄酮与矿质元素对不同氮素处理的响应存在较大的差异.其中T3处理的S3的总游离氨基酸含量增加幅度(54.03%)最大,T6处理不利于游离氨基酸的积累;T1处理的S2的总黄酮含量增加幅度(28.11%)最大,T3处理能提高4份种质S1-S3与S5的总黄酮含量;T3处理有利于5份种质的5种必需元素P、K、Ca、Mg和Cu的吸收,但不利于Ni元素的吸收.综上,NH_4^+-N与NO3^--N(75/25)配合施用能有效促进菘蓝对矿质元素的吸收,同时也能提高其总黄酮和游离氨基酸的含量;研究结果可为优质的大青叶药材生产提供参考依据.

The dried leaves of Isatis indigotica of the family Cruciferae were used to be Folium isatidis. To determine the nitrogen nutrition physiology of I. indigotica, a field experiment was conducted including 5 I. indigotica germplasms （S1-S5） to analyze the contents of the free amino acids, total flavonoids, and mineral elements in the leaves using the following seven nitrogen treatments with three replicates： nitrogen control （CK）, nitrate nitrogen （NO3^--N; T1）, ammonium nitrogen （NH4^＋-N; T2）, NH4^＋-N/NO3^--N （75/25; T3）, NH4^＋-N/NO3^--N （50/50; T4）, NH4^＋-N/NO3^--N （25/75; T5）, and amide nitrogen （CO（NH2）2; T6）. The responses of different nitrogen treatments on the contents of the free amino acids, total flavonoids, and mineral elements in I. indigotica leaves were different from each other, in which the total free amino acid content （54.03%） of S3 by T3 was the highest, but the T6 treatment was not conducive to the accumulation of amino acids. The total flavonoid content （28.11%） of S2 by T1 was the greatest, but T3 could increase the total flavonoid contents of S1–S3 and S5. T3 could promote the absorption of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Cu in I. indigotica leaves, but it was not conducive to the Ni absorption. In summary, the ammonium and nitrate nitrogen combined application （NH4^＋-N/NO3^--N, 75/25） could effectively promote the absorption of mineral elements, and could increase the contents of free amino acids and total flavonoids, which could provide a reference basis for the production of good-quality Folium Isatidis.