直接前入路全髋关节置换后早期三维步态分析

Gait analysis at the early stage after direct anterior approach in total hip arthroplasty

目的:探讨直接前入路(direct anterior approach,DAA)行人工全髋关节置换术后早期效果及患者手术前后的步态变化。方法:20例因股骨头坏死或髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎的患者于直接前入路下行单侧初次人工关节置换,采集患者一般资料并记录患者术前、术后视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Harris评分等,分别于手术前及手术后6周、12周行步态分析,记录并分析患者手术前后步态变化并与正常成人对比。结果:患者术后平均住院时间3.3 d,术后3 d内VAS评分均低于4分,患者假体安放位置满意,至术后12周随访无脱位。步态分析结果中,步速患者组为术前0.64 m/s、术后6周0.77 m/s、术后12周1.07 m/s,正常对照组为1.19 m/s;步频患者组为术前43.15步/min、术后6周51.42步/min、术后12周55.52步/min,正常对照组为57.15步/min;行走时髋关节活动度患者组为术前31.00°、术后6周39.62°、术后12周40.40°,正常对照组为45.67°;行走时膝关节活动度患者组为术前50.52°、术后6周59.28°、术后12周67.29°,正常对照组为70.42°。患者组内比较,除术后6周的步速和行走时膝关节活动度外其他数据差异均有统计学意义;与正常对照组相比,入组患者的步态分析数据仍不及正常对照,术后12周时患者步态数据已接近正常对照组,步速、步频、行走时膝关节活动度结果组间差异无统计学意义。结论:DAA作为全髋关节置换的可选手术入路,患者术后12周步态已接近正常人群,但尚需进一步的更大样本量的研究。

Objective：To evaluate the result of operation and gait analysis at the early stage after direct anterior approach （DAA） in total hip arthroplasty （THA）.Methods： In this study,20 patients who suffered from necrosis of femoral head or developmental dysplasia of the hip were scheduled to undergo THA.The basic information and visual analogue scale （VAS） score,Harris score before and after surgery were recorded.All of the patients finished the gait analysis before the surgery and 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the surgery,the data were compared with those of normal adult people.Results： Their hospital stay after the operation was 3.3 d,the VAS score after the operation was no more than 4 points,the positions of prosthesis were satisfactory,and there was no dislocation.The gait analysis results contained step speed,stride,the range of motion （ROM） of hip and knee.The step speed before the surgery （preoperation,Pre） was 0.64 m/s,6 weeks after the surgery （6W） was 0.77 m/s,12 weeks after the surgery （12W） was 1.07 m/s,and the control group was 1.19 m/s.The stride at Pre,6W,12W,and control group were 43.15 steps/min,51.42 steps/min,55.52 steps/min,and 57.15 steps/min,respectively.The ROM of hip joint at Pre,6W,12W,and control group were 31.00°,39.62°,40.40°,and 45.67°,respectively.The ROM of knee joint at Pre,6W,12W,and control group were 50.52°,59.28°,67.29°,and 70.42°,respectively.The results of the gait analysis showed that the gait recovery after the direct anterior total hip arthroplasty was very fast and at the 12th week after surgery the gait of the patients was close to the normal adult people.Conclusion： The direct anterior approach is one of the choosable approach of the THA,and this kind of surgery has a better recovery of gait after the operation,and at the end of 12 weeks after the surgery the gait is very close to the normal adult people.But we also need more studies to prove this conclusion.