直接前入路双髋关节同时置换22例临床分析

Application of bilateral direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty: a report of 22 cases

目的:通过分析直接前入路双髋关节同时置换的临床特点,探讨直接前入路双髋同时置换的手术技巧和避免围手术期并发症的方法。方法:回顾性分析2014年6月至2016年8月北京积水潭医院矫形骨科采用直接前入路双髋关节置换手术22例(44髋)患者的临床资料、手术效果及术后并发症等,其中男性17例,女性5例,年龄中位数为48岁(34~67岁)。股骨头缺血性坏死17例,髋关节发育不良继发性骨关节炎4例,类风湿性关节炎1例。所有患者采用平卧位直接前入路双髋关节同时置换手术治疗。结果:本组患者全部使用生物固定型假体。手术时间平均(167±23)min,术中出血量平均(775±300)m L,术中及术后输异体血平均(327±341)m L,术后伤口引流平均(111±73)m L。术后第1天多数患者可以不需要帮助自行上下病床,5例患者术后第1天可以不用拐杖短距离行走,术后3 d有13例患者可以在保护下做下蹲动作。术后平均4 d出院,平均随访时间16个月(8~24个月)。术中出现2例大粗隆骨折,3例阔筋膜张肌损伤。术后随访3例伤口延迟愈合,4例出现股外侧皮神经麻痹症状,2例患者大腿痛,无松动感染失败病例。Harris评分从术前平均(29±8)分,提高到术后平均(91±3)分,同术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:直接前入路双髋关节置换术后早期患者恢复快,髋关节活动度好,但手术难度较高,在良好选择病例的情况下,术者在使用这种入路的早期仍然容易出现并发症。

Objective：To analyze the operation technique and the methods to avoid early complications on the learning curve for bilateral direct anterior approach （DAA） total hip arthroplasty （THA）.Methods： We retrospectively studied a series of continued cases with bilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral head （AVN） or degenerative dysplastic hip and rheumatoid arthritis that were treated by DAA THA in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital.A total of 22 patients with 44 hips were analyzed from June 2014 to August 2016 in this study.There were 17 males and 5 females,and the median age was 48 years（range： 34-67 years）.All the surgery was done by DAA method by two senior surgeons.The clinic characters,early surgery treatment results and complications were analyzed.Results： We used the cementless stems in all the cases.The average operating time was （167±23） min;the average blood loss was （775±300） mL;the blood transfusion was in average （327±341） mL;the wound drainage in average was （111±73） mL Most of the patients could move out of the bed by themselves on the first day after operation,5 patients could walk without crutches on the first operating day,and 13 patients could squat on the third days after operation.The patients were discharged averagely 4 days after operation.We followed up all the patients for averagely 16 months （range： 8-24 months）.There was no loosening or failure case in the latest follow up.In the study,2 patients had great trochanter fracture,2 patients had thigh pain,4 patients had lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsy,and 3 patients had muscle damage.The Harris scores were improved from 29±8 preoperatively to 90±3 postoperatively （P〈0.01）.Conclusion： The DAA THA can achieve faster recovery and flexible hip joint after operation.However it is a kind of surgery with high technique demanding.Carefully selected patients,and skilled technique,can help the surgeon avoid the early complications.It is associated with high complication rate in the learning curve for bilateral DAA THA.