加热炉火管结垢过热烧损问题研究与失效分析

Overheating and Failure Analysis on the Fire Tube of Heating Furnace after Scaling

为了查明一起原油加热炉的火管烧损泄漏事故,对火管垢层以及火管金相组织进行了检测分析,并对同类加热炉火管垢层下的金属温度也进行了监测。结果表明,火管上表面积累的垢层导致金属温度过高,组织球化损伤,致使火管承载能力下降,在炉内压力长期作用下蠕变鼓包变薄,最终造成破损泄漏。针对火管出现的问题,提出了组织损伤检测评估、换用耐热钢材质、缩短清垢周期等措施,避免了类似事故的发生。

In order to find out the causes of a burning leakage accident of fire tube in oil heating furnace, fouling and mierostrueture of the fire tube were analyzed and metal temperature under the fouling of the same kind fire tube was detected. The results showed that fouling on the surface of fire tube led to metal overheating and damage of spheroidizing microstrueture, which caused the decrease in the bearing capacity of fire tube. Under the pressure of furnace for a long time, the fire tube crept, swelled and became thinning, which resulted in the damage and leakage. Several measures were put forward to avoid the occurrence of similar accidents, such as detecting and evaluating the microstructure damage, replacing with the heat resistant steel and shortening the cleaning period.