社会主义思想从乌托邦到科学的发展——纪念共产主义者同盟成立170周年

Socialist Ideology from Utopian to Scientific

从1516年《乌托邦》发表到19世纪40年代科学社会主义创立,乌托邦社会主义历经300多年的发展,其内容越来越丰富,理论越来越完善,对现实制度的观察与批判越来越深刻,对理想社会的构建也越来越接近科学的形态。社会主义从乌托邦发展到科学的过程,是一个空想色彩日渐淡化、糟粕成分不断被剔除、科学内涵越来越充实的过程。马克思恩格斯通过对乌托邦社会主义的批判、扬弃与超越,创立了科学社会主义的原生形态,促成了社会主义由乌托邦到科学的飞跃。1848年2月,马克思恩格斯为1847年6月刚刚建立的共产主义者同盟起草的党纲《共产党宣言》发表,标志着科学社会主义的诞生。

From the emerging of Sir Thomas More s Utopia in 1516 to the birth of the scientific socialism in 1940s, the socialist ideology had gradually fulfilled its contents, improved and perfected its theories. In the phase, its critique of capitalism was becoming more and more profound and the design of ideal society growing more scien- tific. The transformation has enriched the socialism with more scientific connotations, concurrently removing illu- sions and eliminating dregs. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels have contributed to the transformation by sublating and transcending the Utopian Socialism, and produced the primary form of scientific socialism. They have also drafted a program for the Communist League, which is the first communist party in the world and was founded in June 1847 The publication of Communist Manifesto in February 1848 marks the birth of scientific socialism.