从租借达尔文港看澳大利亚的中美平衡外交策略

Australia's Balanced Diplomacy toward China and the US from the Perspective of the Renting Out of the Port Darwin

澳大利亚在中美之间推行平衡外交策略,欲达到三个目标:一是重构澳美同盟,提升自身政治话语权;二是化解双重忧虑,保障本国的经济利益;三是发挥战略主动性,提升本国的国际地位。达尔文港的租借问题集中反映了澳大利亚的策略意图。澳大利亚的国家实力、地缘优势和国际环境等因素,为其推行平衡外交策略提供了有利条件,但中美两大国的关系走向和亚太地区的格局演变也直接影响其平衡外交的效果。此外,澳大利亚还要面对国内舆论压力。在中国周边国家中,澳大利亚的地位和影响既典型又特殊,洞察其外交策略和利益取向,对中国走出周边困局具有重要参考价值。

Australia's pursuit of a balanced diplomacy toward China and the US is intended for three goals: first, getting away from a blind pursuit of the US to manifest its political values; second, mitigating the double worries to safeguard its own economic interests; third, giving full play to the strategic initiative to raise its international status. The renting out of the Port Darwin has fully reflected its strategic intentions. Although Australia's national strength, its geopolitical advantages and the international environment have provided the favorable conditions for Australia to pursue a balanced diplomacy, they have put it to face challenges as the development of the ChinaUS relationship and the evolution of the geopolitical pattern in the AsiaPacific region have direct impacts on the effectiveness of this balanced diplomacy. In addition, Australia is also confronted with internal public opinion pressure. As Australia has unique position and influence among China's neighbors, having an insight into Australia's diplomatic policies and interest orientation would be of great reference value for China to get out of the dilemma in the surrounding region.