中国农地经营规模对农业劳动生产率的影响及其区域差异

The Impact of Farm Land Management Scale on Agricultural Labor Productivity in China and Its Regional Differentiation

农业劳动生产率偏低依旧是中国农业发展的瓶颈,它关系着农民增收和农业发展,提高劳动生产率迫在眉睫。在土地规模不断集中已成为顶层设计基本共识的前提下,理清农地经营规模与劳动生产率之间的关系尤为重要。基于此,论文利用2000—2013年中国大陆31个省份的面板数据,通过理论推断与实证检验,对劳动生产率与农地经营规模的关系进行了定量分析。结果表明:从全国、不同地貌及三大经济带来看,劳动生产率与农地经营规模之间均存在鲜明的"倒L型"关系,即初始阶段,扩大农地经营规模能显著提高劳动生产率,但区域间差异明显,后期劳动生产率会稳定在某一状态。当前,农地规模远小于人均农地的最优经营规模,农地规模的集中是提高劳动生产率的重要举措,推进发展适度规模经营的政策仍有较大的操作空间。政府需要做的是,降低土地流转的交易成本,推动实现多种形式的农地适度规模经营,并兼顾不同区域的差异。

Over the past decades, the low agricultural labor productivity is one of the main bottlenecks in restricting agricultural development in China, which related to the peasants＇ income growth and agricultural sustainable development. It is extremely urgent to improve agricultural labor productivity. With the large-scale of farmland management, understanding the relationship between farmland management scale and agricultural labor productivity is very important. In view of this, balanced panel data of 31 provinces in the mainland of China during the period of 2000-2013 from National Bureau of Statistics were used in econometric models to quantitatively analyze the relationship between them in this paper. The results show that the quantitative relationship between the two variables is similar in different scales. It indicates that there is a distinct inverted-＂L＂relationship between the labor productivity and farm land scale across the country in different landforms and in the three economic belts. In the short term,expansion of farm land scale can significantly improve the labor productivity, but there are obvious differences among regions; in the long term, labor productivity will reach a stable value. At present, the farmland scale is much smaller than the optimal management scale of farmland, so farmland scale concentration is the important measure to improve labor productivity, and there is still space to promote moderate scale management policy. The government should reduce the transaction cost of land transfer, guide and promote scale management of agriculture land in multiple forms.