2010—2014年广东省水产品中铅镉含量调查及评价

Investigation and evaluation of lead and cadmium in aquatic products in Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2014

目的全面了解广东省市售水产品中铅镉含量水平,为进一步开展风险评估提供基础数据。方法按照简单随机抽样方法确定样本量,在广东省21个地级市和顺德区分别采集60份样品,按GB 5009.12—2010《食品安全国家标准食品中铅的测定》、GB/T 5009.15—2003《食品中镉的测定》分别对铅、镉含量进行测定,并采用单因子污染指数(Pi)法和重金属污染指数(MPI)法进行评价。结果 2010—2014年共采集市售水产品样品1 326份,铅含量均值为0.040 mg/kg,超标率为0.15%(2/1 326),镉含量均值为0.178 mg/kg,超标率为5.35%(71/1 326)。5年间水产品中铅超标率变化不大。然而,镉的超标率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。从水产品种类看,镉超标率高低依次为蟹类>贝类>虾类>海水鱼,淡水鱼中镉含量未超标。除贝类和蟹类中的镉外,其余水产品铅镉Pi值均属于背景值范围。从MPI看,污染顺序则为蟹类>贝类>海水鱼>虾类>淡水鱼。结论通过连续5年的系统性调查,广东省市售水产品中铅、镉含量总体不高,单项污染指数值大部分处于正常背景值范围。但发现蟹类中镉有一定的超标情况,需加强蟹类高消费人群监测。

Objective In order to provide the basic data for further risk assessment,the levels of lead（Pb） and cadmium（Cd） in the commercial aquatic products of Guangdong were investigated.Methods Simple random sampling method was employed to determine the sample size,and 60 aquatic products were collected in each of the 21 cities and Shunde District,Guangdong Province.The concentrations of Pb and Cd were measured using GB 5009.12-2010 and GB/T 5009.15-2003,respectively.Results A total of 1 326 aquatic products were collected from 2010 to 2014.The mean level of Pb in aquatic products was 0.040 mg/kg,and the over-limit rate was 0.15%（2/1 326）.The average level of Cd in aquatic products was0.178 mg/kg,and the over-limit rate was 5.35%（71/1 326）.During this five years,the small variation of the over-limit rate of Pb was found in the aquatic products,while the difference was significant for Cd（P 0.05）.For the variety of aquatic products,only freshwater fish was fully qualified,and the descending order of the over-limit rate was crab shellfish shrimp marine fish.The single factor pollution index（Pi） showed that the levels of Pb and Cd in the aquatic products were in the range of the background value except for the levels of Cd in shellfish and crab,while the order of heavy metal pollution index（MPI） was crab shellfish marine fish shrimp freshwater fish.Conclusion The contamination levels of Pb and Cd in aquatic products were not high,but the over-limit rate of Cd in crab could not be ignored.