2014年云南省学生餐细菌污染情况调查

Investigation on the bacterial contamination of student meal in Yunnan Province in 2014

目的调查云南省学生餐中细菌污染,同时比较不同食品类别的污染情况。方法依托《2014年云南省食品安全风险监测方案》,采用国家标准规定的检测方法,对2014年云南省16个地州学生餐进行了卫生指标菌和常见食源性致病菌检测,并用SPSS 19.0软件对测定结果进行分析。结果在810份样品中卫生指标菌不合格率为22.96%(186/810),食源性致病菌检出率17.53%(142/810),其中学生早餐阳性菌检出率(21.50%,63/293)和学生午餐阳性菌检出率(15.28%,79/517)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。698份样品检测蜡样芽胞杆菌,其检出率为15.47%(108/698),其中米面制品最高(20.48%,51/249),其次为盒饭(13.38%,57/426);沙门菌检出率为0.49%(4/810),其中盒饭最高(0.70%,3/430),其次为米面制品(0.40%,1/249);金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为3.09%(25/810),其中蛋与蛋制品最高(4.55%,1/22),其次为米面制品(3.61%,9/249)、盒饭(3.49%,15/430);单核细胞增生李斯特菌检出率为0.62%(5/810),其中米面制品最高(0.80%,2/249),其次为盒饭(0.70%,3/430),致泻性大肠埃希菌未检出。学生餐样品均为散装食品。从采样地点看,4种食源性致病菌的检出率均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);除金黄色葡萄球菌,4个季度食源性致病菌的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论云南省学生餐细菌性污染严重,考虑到食用人群的特殊性,食物的即食性,原料来源不可控,存在较大食品安全隐患,应进一步加强相关食品的卫生监测及监管。

Objective To investigate the status of the bacteria contamination in student meal in Yunnan,and compare the contamination among 10 kinds of food.Methods The national standard methods about hygiene indexes and common foodborne pathogenic bacteria had been implemented on student meal from 16 representative cities in Yunnan Province in2014 based on Food Safety Risk Monitoring Plan in Yunnan in 2014,and data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software.Results The unqualified hygiene indexes was 22.96%（186/810） in 810 student meal samples from unpacked food.The overall detection rate of main pathogenic bacteria was 17.53%（142/810）,while it had difference between student breakfast 21.50%（63/293） and student lunch 15.28%（79/517）（P 0.05）.The unqualified rates of Bacillus cereus was 15.47%（108/698） in 698 student meal samples,and 20.48%（51/249） for rice and flour foods,13.38%（57/426） for packed lunch.The detection rate of Salmonella was 0.49%（4/810）,mainly from packed lunch（0.70%,3/430） and rice and flour foods（0.40%,1/249）.The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was 3.09%（25/810）with the highest rate in egg and egg products（4.55%,1/22）,followed by rice and flour foods（3.61%,9/249）,packed lunch（3.49%,15/430）.The detection rate of Listeria monocytogenes was 0.62%（5/810）,mainly from packed lunch and rice and flour foods with the detection rates of 0.80%（2/249） and 0.70%（3/430）.Diarrheogenic Escherichia coli were not detected.The detection rates of four kinds of foodborne pathogenic bacteria had no difference in different sampling sites（P 0.05）.Except Staphylococcus aureus,the detection rates had no difference between in four quarters in 2014.Conclusion The 10 kinds of student meal with unpacked condition in Yunnan were seriously contaminated,indicating the risk of foodborne diseases.Considering the vulnerability of young students and the complexity of the food chain,food safety supervision,monitoring and management should be strengthened.