我国医疗损害责任归责原则的构建与完善

The construction and perfection of imputation principles of liability for medical damage in China

医疗损害责任的归责原则是医疗损害责任法律制度中的核心问题。通过梳理《侵权责任法》在过错责任原则、过错推定责任原则、无过错责任原则阶段的实证分析,在学理上对过错责任原则说、过错推定责任原则说、综合归责原则说进行比较分析研究,结合英美法系国家如美国在医疗侵权方面的"事实本身说明过失"原则、德国的"表见证明"原则和举证责任转换理论、大陆法系国家如日本的"过错之大致推定"原则等等在归责原则方面的经验启示,从平衡患者、医疗机构以及社会公众三者间利益的角度出发,对完善我国医疗损害责任在归责原则方面的法律制度设计提出意见和建议,更好的保护相对于患者的利益,实现医患双方利益兼顾,为构建和谐的医患关系创造良好环境。

The principle of medical liability for damage is the core issue of legal system in medical damage liability.By empirical analyzing the principle of fault liability,the principle of presumption of fault liability,no fault liability principle of the Tort Liability Law,this paper comparatively analyzed these three principles in theoretical aspect,combined with experience in the common law countries such as the United States in the aspects of medical tort＂the fact itself shows that the fault principle＂ and the German＂apparent proof＂ and the principle of burden of proof theory,continental law system countries such as Japan＇s＂fault of general presumption＂and so on.From the balance of interests of patients,medical institutions and the public,this paper put forward some suggestions to improve our country＇s medical malpractice liability imputation in principle Legal system to better protect the interests of patients.The aim was to achieve the balance of the interests of both doctors and patients,to create a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients to create a good environment.