福建省血液透析室护士工作压力及应对方式的研究

Investigation of job stress and coping styles in nurses working in hemodialysis units in Fujian Province

目的通过调查和分析福建省血液透析室护士的工作压力和应对方式,为有效改善护士压力状况提供依据。方法采用一般基本情况调查表、中国护士工作压力源量表和简易应对方式量表对福建省28所医院280名血液透析室护士进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷271份,有效回收率为96.8%。结果福建省血液透析室护士工作压力源评分最高的是工作量大(3.351±0.559)。夜班情况(β=0.227,P=0.001)、月收入(β=-0.217,P=0.002)、年龄(β=0.212,P=0.003)对护士工作压力的影响有统计学意义。工作压力与消极应对方式呈正相关(r=0.129,P=0.049),尤其是管理及人际关系方面压力会增加护士采用消极应对方式的倾向(r=0.161,P=0.014)。结论护士承担着较大的工作压力是各医院血液透析室的普遍现状,夜班情况、月收入和年龄影响血液透析室护士的工作压力,良好的管理及人际关系有助于护士积极应对。

Objective To investigate job stress and coping styles in nurses working in hemodiaysis units in Fujian Province in order to provide bases for effectively improving stress status in these nurses. Methods Questionnaires about demographic information, Nursing Stress Scale （NSS） and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ） were sent to 280 nurses working in hemodialysis units in 28 hospitals in Fujian Province, and 271 effective questionnaires were recycled （effective recovery rate 96.8%）. Results The highest score about the origin of job stress was the higher work load （3.351±0.559） in nurses working in hemodialysis units in Fujian Province. The impacts of night shift situation （X^2=0.227, P=-0.001）, monthly income （X^2=-0.217, P=-0.002） and age （X^2=0.212, P=-0.003） on job stress were also statisitcally significant. Job stress was positively correlated to the negative coping styles （r=0.129, P=0.049）, especially the stress was originated from management and interpersonal relationships when the tendency to adopt negative coping style increased （r=0.161, P=- 0.014）. Conclusion Higher job stress was commonly present in nurses working in hemodialysis units. Night shift situation, monthly income and age were also related to the job stress. Better management and personall relationships can held the nurses to code with the iob stress.