有机无机氮肥配施对蔬菜产量、品质及经济效益的影响

Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on yield,quality and economic benefit of vegetables

以猪粪、沼渣沼液和猪粪堆肥为供试材料,采用田间小区试验,设置不施肥(CK)、不施氮肥(PK)、纯施化肥(NPK)、有机无机肥配施1(20%猪粪N+80%化肥N,NPKM1)、有机无机肥配施2(20%沼渣沼液N+80%化肥N,NPKM2)和有机无机肥配施3(20%猪粪堆肥N+80%化肥N,NPKM3)等6种施肥模式,研究连续3年(2011—2013年)不同有机无机氮肥配施对小白菜和莴苣的产量、品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明:有机无机氮肥配施对蔬菜生长表现出显著增产效益;小白菜和莴苣产量大小均表现为NPKM3>NPKM1>NPKM2>NPK>PK>CK;NPKM1、NPKM2、NPKM3处理与NPK处理相比分别增产19.84%、8.31%、27.38%(小白菜),48.66%、22.13%、53.76%(莴苣);小白菜和莴苣经济效益大小均表现为NPKM3>NPKM1>NPKM2>NPK>PK>CK;与NPK处理相比,NPKM1、NPKM2、NPKM3处理经济效益分别增加21.83%、9.52%、23.15%(小白菜),50.46%、23.10%、53.50%(莴苣);有机无机氮肥配施处理增加了小白菜和莴苣茎叶中维生素C、可溶性糖含量,降低了硝酸盐、粗纤维含量,从而提高蔬菜的营养品质和口感,以NPKM3处理表现最好;猪粪堆肥配施处理较猪粪配施、沼渣沼液配施处理有利于小白菜和莴苣的高产、优质栽培,且提升经济效益。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different combinations of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on yield, quality and economic benefit of pakchoi and lettuce for three consecutive years from 2011 to 2013. Six treatments were included： no fertilizer （CK）, no nitrogen fertilizer （PK）, chemical fertilizer （NPK）, organic and inorganic fertilizer 1 （20% pig manure N ＋ 80% chemical fertilizer N, NPKM1）, organic and inorganic fertilizer 2 （20% biogas manure N ＋ 80% chemical fertilizer N, NPKM2）, and organic and inorganic fertilizer 3 （20% pig manure composting N ＋ 80% chemical fertilizer N, NPKM3）. The results showed that the combined applications of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased vegetable yield. The yields of pakchoi and lettuce were in order of NPKM3 〉 NPKM1 〉 NPKM2 〉 NPK 〉 PK 〉 CK. Compared with the NPK treatment, the yield of NPKM1, NPKM2, NPKM3 treatments increased by 19.84%, 8.31%, 27.38% for pakchoi, and 48.66%, 22.13%, 53.76% for lettuce, respectively. The economic benefit of pakchoi and lettuce ranked in order of NPKM3 〉 NPKM1 〉 NPKM2 〉 NPK 〉 PK 〉 CK. Compared with the NPK treatment, the economic benefit of NPKM1, NPKM2, NPKM3 treatments increased by 21.83%, 9.52%, 23.15% for pakchoi, and 50.46%, 23.10%, 53.50% for lettuce, respectively. Furthermore, the combined applications of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers increased vitamin C and soluble sugar contents, and decreased nitrate and crude fiber contents of pakchoi and lettuce, so as to improve the nutritional quality and taste of vegetables, especially in NPKM3 treatment. In conclusion, the pig manure composting treatment was beneficial to the high-yield and high-quality of pakchoi and lettuce cultivation, and thus improved economic benefit.