舟山地区海产品汞含量及居民汞暴露风险

Mercury concentrations in seafood and health risks of human mercury exposure in Zhoushan area

为评估舟山地区居民的汞暴露水平及暴露来源,对舟山地区市售海产品和居民头发汞含量进行采样分析。海产品样品采集自舟山市定海区和普陀区菜场,随机购买22种共150份样品。舟山地区海产品的总汞含量(湿重)范围为3.73~789μg·kg^(-1),均值为43.9μg·kg^(-1);海产品的总汞含量总体较低,均未超过我国水产品食用安全标准。不同类别的海产品汞含量差异显著,而且鱼体汞含量与其体长和体重具有显著相关性。采集舟山普陀区、定海区居民头发样品136份,其总汞含量范围为0.13~8.18 mg·kg^(-1),均值为1.77mg·kg^(-1),84.6%的发汞超过美国环保署限值1 mg·kg^(-1),7.4%超过联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织下的食品添加剂联合专家委员会限值2.3 mg·kg^(-1)。居民发汞含量有随年龄增长的趋势,而且男性居民发汞含量显著高于女性。上述结果表明,舟山地区海产品汞含量水平总体较低,但由于当地居民海产品的大量摄入,部分居民仍面临汞暴露的健康风险。

To assess level of human mercury exposure in Zhoushan area, the total mercury （THg） concentrations in 150 samples of seafood and 136 human hair samples were analyzed. THg concentrations in the seafood ranged 3.73-789 μg·kg-1 in wet weight with an average of 43.9 μg·kg-1, which was lower than the national limit of China. There were significant differences of THg concentrations among different species in the seafood. Fish THg concentration was correlated with the body length and weight. The THg concentrations in human hair samples ranged 0.13-8.18 mg·kg-1 with an average of 1.77 mg·kg-1. There was 84.6% of population with hair THg concentrations higher than 1 mg·kg-1 set by USEPA, and 7.4% higher than 2.3 mg·kg-1 set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Hair THg concentrations showed an increasing trend with the age of studied population and males showed significantly higher hair THg concentrations than females. The results suggested that THg concentrations in the seafood in Zhoushan area were relatively low, but local residents still might have health risk of mercury exposure because of large consumption of seafood.