在文化与艺术之间——王充的雅俗观浅议

Between Culture and Art:Discussions on Wang Chong's Notion of Elegance and Vulgarity

在先秦至魏晋的雅俗观念衍变过程中,王充的雅俗观具有极其重要的位置,他上承春秋战国开始的以人格修养为准绳的文化雅俗观,下启东汉末期至魏晋兴起的以审美为核心的艺术雅俗观。东汉特殊的历史文化语境所造就了王充雅俗观的转折性:从文学观念看,汉代在通行"大文学观"的同时"杂文学观"开始萌芽;从审美趣味看,汉代在"士大夫趣味"占主流的同时萌生"文人趣味";从创作主体看,东汉时期人们才开始有"作者意识"。

In the evolution process of the notion of elegance and vulgarity from the Pre - Qin era to the Wei and Jin times, Wang Chong＇ s notion of elegance and vulgarity played an important role, for he inherited the notion of cultural elegance and vulgarity with personality cultivation as a yardstick, developed since the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, and endorsed the notion of artistic elegance and vulgarity with aesthetics as a core, lasting from the late East Han Dynasty to the rise of Wei and Jin regimes. It is argued that the special historical and cultural contexts of the East Han Dynasty caused the shift of Wang Chong＇s notion of elegance and vulgarity. Specifically, then the notion of ＂big literature＂ was popular, and the notion of ＂diverse literatures＂ just emerged; also, in aesthetics the ＂mainstream of imperial court officials＂ blended with the ＂tastes of literary writers＂ ; in terms of writing subjects, the ＂author＇ s awareness＂ emerged in the East Han Dynasty.