大班幼儿判断游戏活动的依据——基于儿童视角的研究

“Are They Games”:5～6 Years Old Children's Judgements on Kindergarten Activities

基于儿童视角研究儿童判断游戏的依据,对于丰富有关儿童游戏观的研究和优化幼儿园游戏实践具有重要意义。本研究选取某省会城市一所从私立园转为公办园的3个大班76名幼儿作为研究对象,主要通过照片引谈法收集儿童对是否是游戏活动的判断及其依据,利用质性分析软件Nvivo8进行编码,结果发现儿童判断游戏活动的依据主要涉及活动材料、活动自由度、活动地点、假想与虚构、动作与表情、活动价值、教师角色、活动体验、活动经验、幼儿人数等因素。这对幼儿园游戏活动的开展有如下启发:应基于儿童视角提供丰富适宜的游戏材料;应确保幼儿游戏中自由与规则的均衡;应灵活布置安全并吸引幼儿的游戏场地;应鼓励幼儿在游戏中进行假想与虚构;教师应根据幼儿需要转变自身角色;应确保幼儿获得积极的游戏性体验。

Studies of children＇s perspective on games can enrich the public＇s knowledge about children＇s view of play and optimize play activities in kindergarten as well. The research chose 76 5-6 years old children from a city kindergarten and let them judge whether the activities in the prepared photos were games or not and then explained why they thought so. The qualitative analysis software Nvivo8 was used to code, and it was found that children＇s judgments were often related with such factors like the materials, freedom, place, hypothetical and fiction, movements and expressions, value, teachers＇ roles, experience and quantity of children in the activity. According to children＇s judgements on play, kinder- garten should offer colorful and compactable play materials, ensure the balance between freedom and regulation, flexibly arrange safe and attractive game places, encourage children to make hypothetical and fiction, transform teachers＇ roles based on children＇s requirements, and make sure children have positive playful experience.