摘要
外贸公司的常见经营模式是先承接国外订单,找国内供应商生产,然后外贸公司出口交货并赚取差价。为控制交易风险,其要在出口合同中选择合适的结算方式。制度环境和交易历史是影响外贸公司出口结算方式选择的两大主要因素。本文利用江苏省一家代表性外贸企业1999-2011年近7万笔出口交易数据,采用多元Logit和Probit模型,分别估计进口商所处制度环境与交易历史对外贸公司出口结算方式选择的影响。结果表明:对于来自英美法系国家、商业信用环境更好的进口商,外贸公司倾向于使用赊销或托收等装运后付款结算方式,减少对预付和信用证的使用;以历史累计交易金额和交易次数来衡量的交易历史增加总体上也对出口结算方式选择产生相同影响;对于新客户和2008-2009年国际经济危机期间进行的出口交易,外贸公司倾向采用预付方式,减少对信用证和装运后付款的使用。
The usual operation mode of foreign trade company is receiving the overseas order,finding the domestic suppliers to produce the goods,then exporting and earning the profit.To control the transaction risk,it is necessary to choose the right settlement method.Institutional environment and transaction history are two main factors influencing the selection of settlement method for the trade company.This paper uses data of nearly 70,000 export transactions in a representative trade company in Jiangsu Province from 1999 to 2011,adopts multinomial Logit and Probit model,and estimates the impact of the institutional environment and transaction history of the importers on the choice of export settlement method.The results show that for importers from the common law countries,with better commercial credit environment,the trade company tends to adopt postshipment methods,such as open account or collection,and reduces the use of the prepay or letters of credit.The increasing in transaction history,measured by accumulated historical transaction amounts or times,also has the same effect on the selection of export settlement methods.For export transaction with new customers in the international economic crisis during 2008-2009,the trade company prefers to use prepay and reduce the use of letters of credit or post-shipment payments.
出处
《国际贸易问题》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第4期118-128,共11页
Journal of International Trade
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目"双边市场视角下的贸易中间商研究:模式
机理与政策"(71673129)
国家社会科学基金重大项目"全球价值链发展变化与我国创新驱动发展战略"(15ZDA060)
国家社会科学基金重大项目"支撑未来中国经济增长的新战略区域研究"(14ZDA024)
国家社会科学基金重大项目"‘互联网+’驱动传统产业创新发展路径及模式研究"(16ZDA015)
教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目"长三角全面建设小康社会中的协调发展研究"(16JJD790023)
关键词
制度环境
交易历史
结算方式
贸易中间商
经济危机
Institutional Environment
Transaction History
Settlement Method
Trade Intermediary
Economic Crisis