贸易自由化、市场化改革与企业间资源配置——基于生产率分布离散度的视角

Trade Liberalization,Market Reform and Across-firm Resource Allocation——Based on the Perspective of Productivity Distribution Dispersion

生产率分布离散程度是资源配置效率的重要体现。贸易自由化降低生产率离散程度是国际贸易利益的重要来源。上述机制发挥作用的前提是企业可以自由进入退出,因此市场化改革是上述贸易利益实现的前提。本文以中国为例,考察贸易自由化和市场化改革交叉作用对生产率分布离散度的影响。研究结论表明:中国企业生产率离散度降低;贸易自由化降低了企业生产率分布离散度,这一作用在市场化程度高的地区更为显著。本文的政策含义是,对外贸易自由化与对内市场化改革需同步推进,这样方可实现开放经济条件下的资源最优配置。

Under perfect market condition,firms with low productivity will exit the market,which leads to an even productivity distribution,therefore the dispersion of productivity distribution manifest resource allocation efficiency.The competitive pressure caused by trade liberalization will force the low productivity firms to exit,which is one source of benefits of international trade.However this mechanism can work only under the perfect market environment,where the firms can enter and exit the market freely.Based on this,we analyze the interaction effect of trade liberalization and market reform on Chinese firms＇ productivity dispersion.We finds that：trade liberalization and market reform both decrease the dispersion of productivity distribution,and the interaction term is also negative,which means the effect of trade liberalization is more conspicuous in more free markets.Therefore,we should simultaneously push trade liberalization and market reforming to get the best gains from trade liberalization.