农村敬老院发展态势、困境及其治理

The Development,Difficulties,and Governance of Nursing Homes in Rural Areas

当前我国农村大量青壮年劳动力进城务工使农村人口老龄化更为严峻,也加重了农村家庭养老负担。农村敬老院承载着农村老人养老服务,在我国养老事业中发挥着重大作用。通过调查遵义市6所农村敬老院,可探讨遵义农村敬老院发展态势与困境所在,并提出治理对策。遵义农村敬老院入院老人物质生活满意度高,但精神生活匮乏。年龄、婚姻状况、心理状况、身体状况和经济收入对入院老人的生活质量有显著影响(均P<0.05)。近几年,遵义农村敬老院基础设施建设、管理体制、服务水平等方面都有明显的改善和提升;但从总体上看,仍存在重物质养老、轻精神养老,民间组织与社会力量培育不足,社会化养老率低的发展困境。而破解发展之难题,需要构建多元主体协商合作共治体制机制,实行自上而下的政府引导与自下而上的社会化经营相结合,机构养老与家庭养老相对接的治理之策。

As a large number of young adults are coming to the cities, the aging of the rural population has become more serious and the care-taking of the elderly is burdening rural families. Nursing homes are playing a significant role in providing elderly care in China. This paper studies, through investigating six nursing homes in Zunyi, the development and difficulties of nursing homes and proposes some countermeasures. The results show that ： the elderly people in nursing homes have a high degree of satisfaction with their material life, but not quite so with their spiritual life. Age, marital status, psychological status, health, and income have remarkable effects on their life quality （average P〈 0.05 ）. In recent years, the infrastructure construction, management systems and service have had substantial improvement in nursing homes in Zunyi ; in general, there are still problems such as emphasizing material care more than spiritual care, insufficient non-governmental participation, and low rate of socialized elderly service. To solve these problems, systems and mechanisms of pluralistic coordination, collaboration, and governance should be established with measures taken that combine government guidance and socialized management and connect family care to institutional care.