北京某社区40岁以上女性原发性骨质疏松症流行现状调查

Survey and analysis of risk factors of osteoporosis in more than 40-year-old age women in one community in Beijing

目的了解西城区德胜社区中老年女性骨质疏松症(OP)的患病现状,并分析其危险因素,为该区域骨质疏松症防治工作提供理论上的依据。方法选取2013年4月~12月社区健康教育的中老年妇女,按照随机数字表选取380例纳入本研究,采取问卷调查及现场测量方式获得研究人群的年龄、身高、体重、以及饮食、运动、慢性疾病及家族史等资料。同时使用美国HOLOGIC公司骨密度仪进行骨密度测量。结果原发性骨质疏松症的发生率为28.1%,其中40~49、50~59、60~69、≥70岁人群的患病率分别为7.7%,17.9%、41.5%、49.4%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、文化程度、体重指数、绝经、子宫切除术、骨折家族史对Logistic回归模型的贡献有统计学意义(P<0.05);模型正确预测百分率为65.9%;而牛奶摄入、吸烟、喝咖啡、饮酒、怀孕次数、卵巢切除术、骨折史、活动量等变量对模型的贡献无统计学意义(P>0.05)。二分类Logistic回归分析显示增龄、绝经、子宫切除为OP可能危险因素;高文化、高体质量指数(BMI)值为OP的可能保护因素。结论北京市西城区德胜社区中40岁以上女性骨质疏松症与多种因素有关,其中包括年龄、绝经、文化程度、子宫切除史、体重指数等。

Objective To understand the status of Osteoporosis （OP） in women 40 years and older in Desheng community in Beijing Xicheng District,to analyze the risk factors of OP,and to provide a basis for future work on the prevention of osteoporosis. Methods Age,height,weight,diet,exercise,chromic disease history,and family history were obtained from the study population using a questionnaire and in situ measurement. Bone mineral density was detected using an HOLOGIC ,US instrument. Results A total of 400 women were invited to participate ,and 380 women were recruited into our study. The incidence of osteoporosis was 28.1%,and the prevalence in the age groups 40-49,50-59,60-69, and ≥70 were 7.7%,17.9%,41.5%, and 49.4%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a model including age,education level,body mass index,menopause,hysterectomy, and a family history of fracture contribution yielded statistically significant results; P values were 0.001 ,0.004,0.000,0.000,0.022,and 0.034, respectively;correct model prediction was 65.9%. Milk intake,smoking,coffee drinking,drinking,number of pregnancies, oophorectomy,fracture history,activity level and other variables did not contribute significantly to the model. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age,menopause,and hysterectomy may be risk factors for the OP;high culture and high BMI may be protective factors for OP. Conclusion Osteoporosis in Desheng community is correlated with a variety of factors in women 40 years and older in Beijing Xicheng district. The controllable factors include age ,menopause,education,a history of hysterectomy,and body mass index.