山西恒山地区蒙古传统黄芪和移栽黄芪的质量差异研究

Quality comparison between traditional and cultivated Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus grown in Shanxi Hengshan area

目的比较生长于山西北部恒山及其周边地区的蒙古传统黄芪和移栽黄芪化学成分差异。方法采用~1H-NMR代谢组学技术结合HPLC-UV-ELSD联用技术分别对两种种植模式黄芪的初级代谢物和次级代谢物进行差异性比较。结果从核磁图谱中共指认出25个代谢物,其中甲醇水相中主要为氨基酸和有机酸等初级代谢物,氯仿相中主要为脂肪酸类物质;多元统计结果显示二者的初级代谢物差异不大,但8,2′-羟基-7,4′-甲氧基异黄烷只在传统黄芪中检测到。采用HPLC-UV-ELSD联用技术测定不同黄芪样本中6种黄酮和4种皂苷的量,结果显示传统黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷和黄芪皂苷III量显著高于移栽黄芪,而移栽黄芪中黄芪皂苷I的量显著高于传统黄芪,传统黄芪总黄酮量显著高于移栽黄芪,总皂苷量无显著性差异。结论恒山地区蒙古传统黄芪和移栽黄芪差异性主要体现在次级代谢物上,说明不同种植方式对黄芪次级代谢物的积累影响较大,为恒山地区发展优质的传统黄芪资源奠定了基础。

Objective To compare the chemical constituents difference between the cultivated Astragali Radix（AR） and those grown in traditional way in Hengshan area of northern Shanxi Province. Methods ~1H-NMR based metabolomics approach combined with content determination based on HPLC-UV-ELSD was used to compare the primary and secondary metabolites in AR of different growing pattern. Results Twenty-five metabolites were identified in the NMR spectra, and the major metabolites in the aqueous methanol fraction were the primary metabolites, such as amino acids and organic acids, while the fatty acids derivatives were present in the chloroform fraction; Multivariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two kinds of AR for the primary metabolites, but 8,2′-dihydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyisoflavan was only detected in AR grown in traditional way. The results of content determination of six major isoflavonoids and four saponins revealed that the contents of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, ononin, and astragaloside III were higher in AR grown in the traditional way, but astragaloside I was significantly higher in the cultivated AR. Conclusion The major differences between the cultivated AR and those grown in traditional way are in the secondary metabolites, which indicates that the growing pattern is important for the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolite in AR. The results lay the scientific foundation for the rational utilization of the AR resources in Hengshan Area.