Akkermansia muciniphila与2型糖尿病及中药干预作用的研究进展

Research progress on relationship of Akkermansia muciniphila and type 2 diabetes mellitus and intervention effects of Chinese materia medica

2型糖尿病的发生发展与肠道屏障功能受损导致的长期慢性低水平炎症反应密切相关,因此通过调整肠道菌群,保护肠黏膜屏障成为治疗2型糖尿病新思路。近年来研究表明,中药治疗2型糖尿病取得了很好的疗效,其机制与改善肠道菌群相关。Akkermansia muciniphila是一种以黏蛋白为培养基的优势菌种,定殖于回肠末端和结肠盲肠肠道黏液的外层,一方面能够为肠黏膜上皮细胞供能降解黏蛋白,保护肠上皮细胞,降低黏膜屏障通透性;另一方面优先利用黏蛋白,丰度过高对黏膜屏障具有削弱作用。A.muciniphila作为与肠黏膜屏障功能紧密相关的黏膜外层优势菌种,已经成为2型糖尿病治疗的一个潜在靶标。对A.muciniphila的生理特性及其与肠黏膜屏障、炎症的关系,以及中药干预作用的研究进展进行综述,以期为2型糖尿病治疗药物的研发提供一定线索。

Akkermansia muciniphila planted at the end of ileum and on the outer layer of intestinal grume for colon and cecum is a kind of dominant bacteria using mucoproteins as the culture medium. On the one hand, it can provide energy to degrade mucoprotein for protection of epithelial cell of intestinal mucosa and decline the permeability of mucosal barrier. On the other hand, it can preferentially use the mucoprotein. As known to all, excessive abundance will weaken the mucosal barrier and the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes is closely related to the long-term chronic low-intensity inflammatory reaction arising from the damage of intestinal barrier function. Therefore, to improve the intestinal flora and protect intestinal mucosal barrier, A. muciniphila has served as a new idea to treat type 2 diabetes. As A. muciniphila is the dominant bacteria on the outer layer of intestinal mucosa closely relevant to the intestinal mucosal barrier function, this article has reviewed its physiological property and its role in curing type 2 diabetes.