经济开放对中国就业结构调整的影响研究——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

The Influence of Economic Openness on the Adjustment of Employment Structure in China:An Empirical Study Based on Provincial Panel Data

采用中国2001~2015年的省级面板数据考察经济开放对中国就业结构调整的影响。实证表明样本期内,一方面,经济开放使得农业就业比重持续下降、工业就业比重呈倒驼峰型变动、服务业就业比重持续上升。这意味着经济开放对工业就业比重的拉升作用会在某一阶段呈下降趋势,使得工业的就业吸纳能力逐渐下降,而有利于服务业就业规模的扩大。另一方面,自身经济发展对就业结构调整存在积极的作用,各产业的发展均对自身就业产生了正向的拉动作用。基于此,提出如下政策建议:一是实施更加积极的就业政策;二是要提高劳动力的质量,加强人力资本的积累,使其能够适应产业结构调整的要求;三是加强公共就业服务,建立优质的就业服务体系,为劳动者提供高效的就业服务;四是逐步建立完善的劳动力市场制度,形成合理的工资决定方式。

Using the provincial panel data of 2001 ~ 2015 years,this paper studies the influence of economic openness on the adjustment of employment structure in China. Empirical evidence shows that in the sample period,under the open conditions,the agricultural employment continues to decline,industry employment proportion is hump type change,service industry employment has continued to rise. This means that the economic openness on the industrial employment proportion lashing will decrease at a certain stage,caused the industrial employment absorption capacity decreased gradually,and enlarges the scale of employment for the service industry. On the other hand,its economic development has positive effect on the employment structure adjustment,the development of industries have a positive impact on their employment. At last,this paper gives suggestions as follows：（ 1） to implement a more active employment policy;（ 2） to improve the quality of labor force to strengthen the accumulation of human capital and adapt to the requirements of industrial restructuring;（ 3） to strengthen public employment services to establish a high quality employment service system and provide efficient employment services for workers;（ 4） to improve the labor market system to form a reasonable way of wage determination.