从国子监孔庙看建筑中的儒家文化

Confucian Culture Shown in the Construction of the Imperial College and Confucius Temple

坛庙自古以来就属于政治性很强的大型纪念建筑,体现的是封建王朝的政治制度和伦理观念。国子监作为元、明、清国学的最高机构,本身是封建王朝的一部分。孔庙是皇家官祭孔子的场所,体现了统治者对儒学的尊崇,而庙学合一则是借孔庙传播儒学,借孔子思想来教化国民。从国子监孔庙中可以感受到儒家提倡的克己复礼思想、审美文化意识及等级观念对传统建筑的影响,也可以看到古代阴阳五行思想对传统建筑的影响。

Since the ancient times, the altar temples are built with fully political meanings, which also reflect the political systems and ethics of feudal dynasty. The Imperial College, as the supreme college of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty, is also a part of the feudal dynasties. At the same time, Confucius temple is the place where the roy-al officers commemorate the Confucius. In reverence of Confucianism, the temple is used to spread Confucianism and educate people. From the Imperial College and the Confucius temple, one can feel the deep spirit of Confucian and aesthetic culture. As a result, the Chinese architecture is deeply influenced by consciousness, as well as the ancient yin - yang five elements thought.