美学·反美学·美学的回归——审美政治的一种关系考察

Aesthetics,anti-aesthetics,and a return to aesthetics: A study of the academic relations in aesthetic politics

现代美学的诞生是一个在艺术、哲学、政治三者之间混杂的存在。但长期以来,美学的主要危机在于,它几乎一直被作为自律性的艺术理论而备受指责,而其与西方现代性筹划之间的混杂关系也多被视作政治浪漫派的乌托邦梦想。因此,现有的审美政治思考一般以"美学"作为反向的起点,其中,以韦尔施为代表的认识论美学、以法兰克福学派为核心的否定美学、以审美意识形态批判为基础的后现代文化研究和马克思主义美学,构成了"反美学"的主要路径,同时也形成了审美政治的几种基本关系模式。近年来的回归美学的思潮,再次将美学推至浪漫主义和哲学美学的原生性场景,一种以平等为核心的审美共同体视域将成为审美政治的新的理论生长点。

The modern aesthetics results from the mixture of art,philosophy,and politics. But for a long time,aesthetics has faced a crisis and received much criticism because it is regarded as a self-discipline theory of art. Meanwhile,its mixture with the project of Western modernity has been criticized as political romantic utopian dreams. As a result,'aesthetics'has been treated as a starting point in the reverse direction for the general trend of aesthetic politics. There are four major approaches for'anti-aesthetics': the epistemological aesthetics represented by Wolfgang Welsc,the negative aesthetics of the Frankfurt School,the postmodern cultural studies and Marxist aesthetics on the basis of the critique of aesthetic ideology,which have helped form several basic relation modes of aesthetic politics as well. The return of aesthetics in recent years pushes aesthetics into its background of romanticism and philosophic aesthetics in the 18-19 thcenturies again. The idea of an aesthetic community,whose core value is equality,will become a new growing point in the theoretical studies of aesthetic politics.